This document combines the results from two separate studies:

• analysis of our database of completed risk tolerance tests (Risk Tolerance Research), and
• historical back-testing of a representative set of investment portfolios on a month-by-month basis (Portfolio Performance Research).

They cover how to use FinaMetrica to educate clients about risk and return and to manage their risk and return expectations.

  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (Australia)
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (Canada)*
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (Germany - Deutsch)**
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (Germany - English)**
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (India)
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (New Zealand)*
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (South Africa)
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (Switzerland - English)**
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (United Kingdom)*
  Risk and Return Guide and Charts (United States)

*The eagle-eyed may notice that there are slight differences between the new version and the previous version which are not attributable to the data that has been added. We've made changes to the Cash and Fixed Interest index proxies, please check each individual version for details of the new index proxies. Overall, there was no material affect.

**The eagle-eyed may notice that there are slight differences between the new version and the previous version which are not attributable to the data that has been added. We've changed the way recovery periods are classified. This has resulted in some redistribution of rise and recovery periods, fall periods are unaffected. Overall, there was no material effect, just a better representation of the data.